Radiation therapy uses localized high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells. Treatments are given five days a week for five to six weeks.
Radiation is often given in combination with chemotherapy in patients where the tumor has not spread to other organs but may not be surgically respectable (locally advanced disease). Radiation therapy is also sometimes given following surgery to destroy remaining cancer cells. Clinical trials are examining radiation therapy during surgery, which is called intraoperative radiation therapy. Radiation can also be used to alleviate pain.
Side effects include nausea, vomiting and diarrhea. Medicine or dietary changes may alleviate these problems. Other possible side effects include skin irritation and loss of energy.
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