Gene therapy
Gene therapy's ultimate goal is to replace damaged genes in cancer cells with normal genes that will halt abnormal growth. Studies in this area are looking at how oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes control cell growth and how changes in these genes allow normal cervical cells to become cancerous.

HPV
Research is currently being conducted to develop effective, simple and inexpensive laboratory tests to detect the types of HPV that cause cancer. Studies are investigating how information in such tests can help physicians prevent cancer. Researchers also are looking at how immune system function, smoking, nutrition, hormones and the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases work with the virus to promote the development of cancer cells. These influences are called co-factors.

Vaccines
Researchers are investigating vaccines for preventing and treating cervical cancer. Some of these vaccines would promote immunity to HPV. Others are intended for women with existing HPV infections and for women with advanced cervical cancer to help their immune systems battle the parts of the virus that contribute to abnormal cell growth.

Pap tests
Engineers, scientists and doctors are looking for technologies and methods to improve Pap test accuracy. The National Cancer Institute is also conducting a large randomized trial, the ASCUS/LSIL Triage Study, to find the best way to manage the abnormalities that often show up on Pap tests. The study is comparing three follow-up diagnostic approaches: immediate colposcopy; repeat Pap test every six months; and testing for cancer-associated types of HPV to distinguish between the findings that warrant colposcopy and those that warrant repeat Pap screening.